Condition | Cosmos SDK (2023)

#Swimming pool

The pool is used to track the supply of pegged and unpegged tokens with a face value of bonds.

#Last total power

LastTotalPower tracks the total number of related tokens registered during the previous terminal block. Inventory records with "Last" in front must remain unchanged until the end of the last block.

• Final total effect:0x12 -> ProtocolBuffer (math.Int)

#Parameters

Params is a module-wide configuration structure that stores system parameters and defines the overall operation of the deployment module.

Coffee // Params define staking parameters module.message Params { option (gogoproto.equal) = true; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; // unbonding_time is the duration of unbonding. google.protobuf.Duration unbonding_time = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false, (gogoproto.stdduration) = true]; // max_validators is the maximum number of validators. uint32 max_validators = 2; // max_entries is the maximum number of entries for an unrelated delegation or re-delegation (per pair/trio). uint32 max_entries = 3; //historical_entries is the number of historical entries to persist. uint32 history_entries = 4; // bond_denom defines the value of the coin that can be redeemed. string bond_denom = 5; // min_commission_rate is the minimum commission rate for the entire chain that the validator can charge delegate string min_commission_rate = 6 [ (gogoproto.moretags) = "yaml:\"min_commission_rate\"", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos / cosmos-sdk/types.Dec", (gogoproto.nullable) = false ];}

#Walidator

Validators can have one of three statuses

• unbound: The validator is not in the active set. They cannot sign blocks and do not earn rewards. They can receive delegations.
• Bonded: When the validator receives enough chained tokens, it automatically joins the active set belowLast blockand their status is updated toBonded.Write under blocks and get rewards. They may receive additional delegations. They can be punished for bad behavior. Delegators to this validator that unbond their delegation must wait for the duration of UnbondingTime, a string-specific parameter, during which time they can still be pruned for source validation violations if those violations were committed during the period the tokens were bound.
• Solution: When a validator leaves an active group, either by election or by being cut, imprisoned or stoned, the release of all his delegations begins. All delegations must then wait UnbondingTime before their tokens are transferred to their z-accountsClosed pool.

Validator objects must primarily be stored and accessible toOperator's address, the SDK validator address for the validator operator. Two additional indexes are maintained for each validation object to meet the required slash lookups and validation set updates. Third special index (LastValidatorPower) is also retained, which, however, remains constant within each block, unlike the first two indices, which reflect the validator records within the block.

• Validatory:0x21 | OperatorAddrLen (1 bajt) | OperatorAddr -> ProtocolBuffer (validator)
• ValidatorsByConsAddr:0x22 | ConsAddrLen (1 bajt) | ConsAddr -> OperatorAddr
• Validators by power:0x23 | BigEndian(moc konsensus) | OperatorAddress(1 byte) | OperatorAddr -> OperatorAddr
• LoadValidatorsMoc:0x11 | OperatorAddrLen (1 bajt) | OperatorAddr -> ProtocolBuffer (ConsensusPower)

Validatoryis the primary index - ensures that each operator can only have one validator bound, and that validator's public key can be changed in the future. Delegators can refer to the immutable validator operator without worrying about the changing public key.

ValidatorByConsAddris an additional index that allows you to search for a slash. When Tendermint reports proofs, it gives the address of the validator, so this card is needed to find the operator. Notice itminus addresscorresponds to an address that can be derived by the validatorConsPubKey.

Validators by forceis an additional index that provides a sorted list of potential validators to quickly determine the current active set. HereConsensusPower is the default validator.Tokens/10^6. Note that all validatorsThe prisonis true, they are not stored in this index.

LoadValidatorsMocis a special index that contains a historical list of linked validators of the last block. This index remains constant during the block, but is updated during the validation set update process that takes place inLast block.

The status of each validator is stored in a fileWalidatorstructure:

Coffee // The validator defines the validator along with the total number // of the Validator's bond shares and their coin price. The cut results in // a drop in the exchange rate, allowing future //non-delegates to be calculated correctly without iterating over the delegates. When coins are delegated to// this validator, the validator is assigned a delegation whose number// of bond shares is based on the amount of transferred coins divided by the current // exchange rate. The voting power can be calculated as the total number of shares multiplied by the exchange rate message Validator { option (gogoproto.equal) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_getters) = false; // operator_address specifies the address of the validator operator; bech encoded in JSON. string operator_address = 1 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; // consensus_public_key is the validator's consensus public key, like Any's Protobuf. google.protobuf.Any consensus key_pub = 2 [(cosmos_proto.accepts_interface) = "cosmos.crypto.PubKey"]; // trapped indicates whether the validator has been trapped from the bound state or not. bool caught = 3; // status is the status of the validator (linked/unlinked/unlinked). Bond Status = 4; // tokens defines delegated tokens (including self-delegation). string tokens = 5 [ (cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.Int", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Int", (gogoproto.nullable) = false ]; // delegate_shares defines the total number of shares issued to validator delegates. string delegate_shares = 6 [ (cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.Dec", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec", (gogoproto.nullable) = false ]; // description defines the description conditions for the validator. description description = 7 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false]; // unbonding_height indicates, in case of unbonding, the height at which this validator started unbonding. int64 unbonding_height = 8; // unbonding_time specifies, for unbonding, the minimum time the validator needs to complete unbonding. google.protobuf.Timestamp unbonding_time = 9 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false, (gogoproto.stdtime) = true]; // commission defines commission parameters. commission commission = 10 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false]; // min_self_delegation is the minimum self-delegation declared by the validator. // // Because: cosmos-sdk 0.46 string min_self_delegation = 11 [ (cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.Int", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Int", ( gogoproto.nullable) = false ];}

Coffee // CommissionRates determines the starting commission rates used to create // validator.message CommissionRates { option (gogoproto.equal) = true; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; // rate is the commission rate charged to delegates, expressed as a fraction. string rate = 1 [ (cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.Dec", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec", (gogoproto.nullable) = false ]; // max_rate specifies the maximum commission rate the validator can ever charge as a fraction. string max_rate = 2 [ (cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.Dec", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec", (gogoproto.nullable) = false ]; // max_change_rate specifies the maximum daily increase in the validator's commission as a fraction. string max_change_rate = 3 [ (cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.Dec", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec", (gogoproto.nullable) = false ];}/ / Commission defines commission parameters for a given validator.message Commission { option (gogoproto.equal) = true; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; // Commission_rates specifies the initial commission rates to use to create the validator. commission_stake_commission = 1 [(gogoproto.embed) = true, (gogoproto.nullable) = false]; // update_time is the last commission rate change. google.protobuf.Timestamp update_time = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false, (gogoproto.stdtime) = true];}// Description defines the validator description.message Description { option (gogoproto.equal) = true; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; // moniker defines the human readable name of the validator. string nickname = 1; // identity defines an optional identity signature (eg UPort or Keybase). string identity = 2; // site defines an optional site link. website with string = 3; // security_contact defines an optional email address for the security contact. string security_contact = 4; // details specifies other optional details. string details = 5;}

#Delegation

Delegations are identified by connectionDelegated address(address of the delegating person) with a noteaddress validatorDelegates are indexed in the store as follows:

• Delegation:0x31 | DelegatorAddrLen (1 byte) | Delegerets adresse | ValidatorAddrLen (1 byte) | ValidatorAddr -> ProtocolBuffer (delegation)

Shareholders can submit coins to validators; in this situation their funds are withheldDelegationdata structure. It is owned by one delegate and is tied to the shares of one validator. The sender of the transaction is the bondholder.

Coffee // Delegation represents a bond with tokens on the account. It is owned by one delegate and is associated with the voting rights of one// validator.message Delegation { option (gogoproto.equal) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_getters) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; // delegate_address is the bech32 encoded address of the delegate. string delegate_address = 1 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; // validator_address is the bech32 encoded address of the validator. string validator_address = 2 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; // actions indicates the delegated actions received. string shares = 3 [ (cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.Dec", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec", (gogoproto.nullable) = false ];}

When delegating tokens to the Validator, the number of delegated shares is issued based on the dynamic exchange rate, calculated as follows based on the total number of tokens transferred to the Validator and the number of shares issued so far:

Aktier pr. token = validator.TotalShares() / validator.Tokens()

Only the number of shares received is registered in the field DelegationEntry. Then, when the delegate does not delegate, the amount of token he receives is calculated based on the number of shares he currently holds and the reverse exchange rate:

Tokens pr. aktie = validator.Tokens() / validatorShares()

TheActionsthey are simply an accounting mechanism. They are not convertible assets. The reason for this mechanism is to simplify the accounting around the cut. Instead of iteratively shorting tokens for each delegate entry, you can instead short the total validator-related tokens, effectively reducing the value of each issued delegate share.

#Freeing Delegation

Shares inDelegationthey may be unrelated, but they must exist for some time as asanasFreeing Delegation, where shares can be reduced if byzantium behavior is detected.

Freeing Delegationis indexed in the store as:

• Unrelated Delegation:0x32 | DelegatorAddrLen (1 bayt) | Adresse Delegatora | ValidatorAddrLen (1 bayt) | ValidatorAddr -> ProtocolBuffer (unbondingDelegation)
• UnbondingDelegationsFromValidator:0x33 | ValidatorAddrLen (1 byte) | Verifikator adresse | DelegatorAddrLen (1 byte) | DelegateAddr -> nul

The first map here is used in queries to find all non-binding delegations for a given delegate, while the second map is used in slashes to find all non-binding delegations related to a given validator to be cut.

An UnbondingDelegation object is created each time a binding is initiated.

Coffee // UnbondingDelegation stores all unbondings of a single delegate // for a single validator in a timed list.message UnbondingDelegation { option (gogoproto.equal) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_getters) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; // delegate_address is the bech32 encoded address of the delegate. string delegate_address = 1 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; // validator_address is the bech32 encoded address of the validator. string validator_address = 2 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; // records are unrelated delegation records. repeated entries UnbondingDelegationEntry = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false]; // freeing delegation records}

#Delegation

Bound chips worth oneDelegationcan be immediately transferred from the source validator to another validator (target validator). But when this happens, they need to be tracked downDelegationobject so that their shares can be truncated if their tokens contributed to a byzantine error by the source validator.

Delegationis indexed in the store as:

• Redelegations:0x34 | DelegatorAddrLen (1 byte) | Delegerets adresse | ValidatorAddrLen (1 byte) | ValidatorSrcAddr | ValidatorDstAddr -> ProtocolBuffer (re-delegere)
• RepostsBySrc:0x35 | ValidatorSrcAddrLen (1 byte) | ValidatorSrcAddr | ValidatorDstAddrLen (1 byte) | ValidatorDstAddr | DelegatorAddrLen (1 byte) | DelegatorAddr -> nul
• Re-delegations of Dst:0x36 | ValidatorDstAddrLen (1 byte) | ValidatorDstAddr | ValidatorSrcAddrLen (1 byte) | ValidatorSrcAddr | DelegatorAddrLen (1 byte) | DelegatorAddr -> nul

The first card here is used for queries to find all re-delegations for a given delegate. The second card is for cutting on the bottomValidatorSrcAddrwhile the third card is for cutting outValidatorDstAddr.

A reinstallation object is created each time a redistribution takes place. To prevent "re-delegation jumping", re-delegation cannot occur when:

• the (re)delegate already has another immature re-delegation in progress with the destination to the validator (let's call itWalidator X)
• and the (re)delegate tries to create a filetheredelegation where the source validator for this new redelegation is locatedWalidator X.

Coffee // RedelegationEntry defines a redelegation object with the relevant metadata.message RedelegationEntry { option (gogoproto.equal) = true; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; // creative_height specifies the height where the nest delegation occurred. int64 create_height = 1; // end_time defines the Unix nest delegation end time. google.protobuf.Timestamp complete_time = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false, (gogoproto.stdtime) = true]; // start_balance defines the starting balance at the start of the redelegation. string initial_balance = 3 [ (cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.Int", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Int", (gogoproto.nullable) = false ]; // share_dst is the number of destination validation shares created by redelegation. string share_dst = 4 [ (cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.Dec", (gogoproto.customtype) = "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types.Dec", (gogoproto.nullable) = false ];}/ / Redelegation lists the redelegation bindings for the specified // delegate from the specified source validator to the specified target validator message Redelegation { option (gogoproto.equal) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_getters) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; // delegate_address is the bech32 encoded address of the delegate. string delegate_address = 1 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; // validator_src_address is the address of the validator redelegate source operator. string validator_src_address = 2 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; // validator_dst_address is the address of the validator re-delegation operator. string validator_dst_address = 3 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; // records are redelegation records. repeated entries RedelegationEntry = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false]; // redelegate entries }

#tails

All queue objects are sorted by timestamp. The time spent in any queue is first rounded to the nearest nanosecond and then sorted. The time format used for sorting is a slight modification of RFC3339Nano and uses a format string"2006-01-02T15:04:05.000000000". Especially this format:

• the right insets are all zeros
• remove time zone information (uses UTC)

In all cases, the stored timestamp represents the queue item's maturation time.

#UnbondingDelegation Queue

The revocation queue is maintained to track the progress of delegations being revoked.

• Unrelated Delegation:0x41 | format(tid) -> []DVPair

Coffee // DVPair is a structure that holds only a delegate-validator pair with no other data. // It is intended to be used as a marshaling pointer. For example, DVPair// can be used to construct a key to get an UnbondingDelegation from state.message DVPair { option (gogoproto.equal) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_getters) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; string delegate_address = 1 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; string validator_address = 2 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"];}

#Redelegation queue

A reinstallation queue is maintained to track the progress of the redistribution.

• Redelegation Queue:0x42 | format(time) -> []DVVTriplet

Coffee // A DVVTriplet is a structure that only has a triple delegate-validator-validator // with no other data. It is designed to be used as a pointer suitable for walking. For example, DVVTriplet can be used to construct a key to get // Redelegation from state.message DVVTriplet { option (gogoproto.equal) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_getters) = false; option (gogoproto.goproto_stringer) = false; string delegate_address = 1 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; string validator_src_address = 2 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"]; string validator_dst_address = 3 [(cosmos_proto.scalar) = "cosmos.AddressString"];

#Validator queue

A validation queue is maintained to track the progress of validators that are not bound.

• ValidatorQueueTime:0x43 | format(czas) -> []sdk.ValAddress

The stored object, like any key, is a series of addresses of the validation operators from which the validation object can be accessed. Typically, only one validator entry is expected to be associated with a given timestamp, but it is possible for multiple validators to exist in the queue at the same location.

#Historical information

HistoricalInfo objects are saved and cleared in each block so that the effort continuesNthe latest historical information specified by the release module parameter:Historical records.

Coffee // Historical information includes header and validator information for a given block. // It is stored as part of the staking module's state, which maintains the 'n' most// recent historical information// ('n' is set by the staking module `historical_entries` parameter).message HistoricalInfo { tendermint.types.Header header = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false]; repeated Validator rolled = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];}

With each BeginBlock, the stake holder will retain the current header and validators that validated the current block inHistorical informationobject. Validators are sorted by their addresses to ensure they are in deterministic order. The oldest historical records will be cleared to ensure that only the number of historical records defined by the parameter exist.